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Social and economic background influences survival in intensive care: Research with societal impact

Social and economic background influences survival in intensive care: Research with societal impact

18 August 2026

A large-scale study by researchers from Maastricht UMC+ and Amsterdam UMC demonstrates that lower socioeconomic status (SES) of patients admitted to Dutch intensive care units contributes to worse survival.

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Fatma Karapinar appointed as Professor in Medication Safety

Fatma Karapinar appointed as Professor in Medication Safety

12 August 2026

As of 1 June 2026, Dr Fatma Karapinar has been appointed Professor of Medication Safety at Maastricht University.

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Carim Maastricht
Carim Maastricht

Casper Mihl

Associate professor

Dr Casper Mihl obtained his medical degree at Maastricht University in 2009.

He completed his radiology training in 2016, followed by a fellowship in abdominal radiology at the MUMC+. He received additional training in cardiovascular imaging at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney (2013) and the Alfred Heart Centre in Melbourne, Australia (2020). As of 2016, he works as a radiologist at Maastricht UMC+ with a special focus on cardiovascular and abdominal radiology. He also serves as the head of the CT department.

In 2016, he completed his PhD degree titled: 'decisive modification tools in coronary computed tomographic angiography; from phantom to patient'.

His primary emphasis in research is focused on the optimization of scan and contrast media injection protocols in CT and multimodality imaging of the heart with a special focus on (supra)ventricular arrhythmias.

Casper-mihl

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht
Room number: 4.G1.006
T: +31 (0)43 387 49 12

  • 2022
    • Martens, B., Jost, G., Mihl, C., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., Schmidt, B., Flohr, T., & Pietsch, H. (2022). Individualized Scan Protocols in Abdominal Computed Tomography: Radiation Versus Contrast Media Dose Optimization. Investigative Radiology, 57(6), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000844
    • van der Heijden, C. A. J., Verheule, S., Olsthoorn, J. R., Mihl, C., Poulina, L., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Heuts, S., Maessen, J. G., Bidar, E., & Maesen, B. (2022). Postoperative atrial fibrillation and atrial epicardial fat: Is there a link?IJC Heart and Vasculature, 39, Article 100976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.100976
    • Martens, B., Wildberger, J. E., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., De Vos-Geelen, J., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., & Mihl, C. (2022). Influence of Contrast Material Temperature on Patient Comfort and Image Quality in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Investigative Radiology, 57(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000807
    • Martens, B., Bosschee, J. G. A., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., Brauer, M. T. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Mihl, C. (2022). Finding the optimal tube current and iterative reconstruction strength in liver imaging; two needles in one haystack. PLOS ONE, 17(4), Article e0266194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266194
    • Kemper, C. A., Mihl, C., Martens, B., McDermott, M. C., & Hendriks, B. M. F. (2022). Performance of Centargo: A Novel Piston-Based Injection System for High Throughput in CE CT. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, 15, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/MDER.S353221
  • 2021
    • Cluitmans, M. J. M., Bear, L. R., Nguyên, U. C., van Rees, B., Stoks, J., Ter Bekke, R. M. A., Mihl, C., Heijman, J., Lau, K. D., Vigmond, E., Bayer, J., Belterman, C. N. W., Abell, E., Labrousse, L., Rogier, J., Bernus, O., Haïssaguerre, M., Hassink, R. J., Dubois, R., ... Volders, P. G. A. (2021). Noninvasive detection of spatiotemporal activation-repolarization interactions that prime idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Science Translational Medicine, 13(620), Article abi9317. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abi9317
    • Van Rees, B., Stoks, J., Nguyen, Y. C., Ter Bekke, R. M. A., Mihl, C., Cluitmans, M., & Volders, P. G. A. (2021). Local areas of earlier repolarization cause epicardial repolarization heterogeneity in patients with apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 42, 326-326. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0326
    • Bijvoet, G. P., Holtackers, R. J., Smink, J., Lloyd, T., van den Hombergh, C. L. M., Debie, L. J. B. M., Wildberger, J. E., Vernooy, K., Mihl, C., & Chaldoupi, S.-M. (2021). Transforming a pre-existing MRI environment into an interventional cardiac MRI suite. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 32(8), 2090-2096. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.15128
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Kok, M., Mees, B. M. E., Mihl, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2021). Automated tube voltage selection and adapted contrast media injection protocols in CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology, 4(2), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42058-021-00065-3
    • Holtackers, R. J., Gommers, S., Van De Heyning, C. M., Mihl, C., Smink, J., Higgins, D. M., Wildberger, J. E., & ter Bekke, R. M. A. (2021). Steadily Increasing Inversion Time Improves Blood Suppression for Free-Breathing 3D Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI With Optimized Dark-Blood Contrast. Investigative Radiology, 56(5), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000747
    • Mentink, M. G., Bakers, F. C. H., Mihl, C., Lahaye, M. J., Rennenberg, R. J. M. W., Latten, B. G. H., Kubat, B., & Hofman, P. A. M. (2021). Introduction of postmortem CT increases the postmortem examination rate without negatively impacting the rate of traditional autopsy in daily practice: an implementation study. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 74(3), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206734
  • 2020
    • Mentink, M. G., Latten, B. G. H., Bakers, F. C. H., Mihl, C., Rennenberg, R. J. M. W., Kubat, B., & Hofman, P. A. M. (2020). Clinical Relevance of Unexpected Findings of Post-Mortem Computed Tomography in Hospitalized Patients: An Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), Article 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207572
    • Martens, B., Wildberger, J. E., Hendriks, B. M. F., Van Kuijk, S. M. J., Nijssen, E. C., Peters, N. H. G. M., De Vos-Geelen, J., & Mihl, C. (2020). A Solution for Homogeneous Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography: Results From the COMpLEx Trial. Investigative Radiology, 55(10), 666-672. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000693
    • Martens, B., Hendriks, B. M. F., Mihl, C., & Wildberger, J. E. (2020). Tailoring Contrast Media Protocols to Varying Tube Voltages in Vascular and Parenchymal CT Imaging: The 10-to-10 Rule. Investigative Radiology, 55(10), 673-676. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000682
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Martens, B., Gerretsen, S. C., Gommers, S., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Mihl, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2020). The performance of non-ECG gated chest CT for cardiac assessment: The cardiac pathologies in chest CT (CaPaCT) study. European Journal of Radiology, 130, Article 109151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109151
    • de Wit-Verheggen, V. H. W., Altintas, S., Spee, R. J. M., Mihl, C., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Wildberger, J. E., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., & van de Weijer, T. (2020). Pericardial fat and its influence on cardiac diastolic function. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 19(1), Article 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01097-2
    • Hendriks, B. M. F., Martens, B., & Mihl, C. (2020). Pre-procedural computed tomography in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: The first steps towards standardization of image quality. IJC Heart & Vasculature, 29, Article 100542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100542
    • Haak, H. E., Maas, M., Lahaye, M. J., Boellaard, T. N., Delli Pizzi, A., Mihl, C., van der Zee, D., Fabris, C., van der Sande, M. E., Melenhorst, J., Beets-Tan, R. G. H., Beets, G. L., & Lambregts, D. M. J. (2020). Selection of Patients for Organ Preservation After Chemoradiotherapy: MRI Identifies Poor Responders Who Can Go Straight to Surgery. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 27(8), 2732-2739. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08334-8
    • Heuts, S., Adriaans, B. P., Rylski, B., Mihl, C., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Olsthoorn, J. R., Natour, E., Bouman, H., Berezowski, M., Kosiorowska, K., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Maessen, J. G., Wildberger, J., Schalla, S., & Sardari Nia, P. (2020). Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of maximal aortic diameter, length and volume for prediction of aortic dissection. Heart, 106(12), 892-897. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316251
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Boswijk, E., Crombag, G. A. J. C., Nijssen, E. C., Nelemans, P. J., Veenstra, L. F., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2020). Retrospectively ECG-gated helical vs. non-ECG-synchronized high-pitch CTA of the aortic root for TAVI planning. PLOS ONE, 15(5), Article 0232673. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232673
    • Guglielmi, V., Planken, R. N., Mihl, C., Niesen, S., Staals, J., Coutinho, J. M., & Postma, A. A. (2020). Non-gated cardiac CT angiography for detection of cardio-aortic sources of embolism in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 91(4), 442-443. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321923
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Nelemans, P., Mihl, C., Willigers, J., Martens, B., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2020). Personalization of CM Injection Protocols in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (People CT Trial). Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging, 2020, Article 5407936. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5407936
  • 2019
    • Mongula, J. E., Bakers, F. C. H., Mihl, C., van Gorp, T., Kruitwagen, R. F. P. M., & Slangen, B. F. M. (2019). Assessment of parametrial invasion of cervical carcinoma, the role of T2-weighted MRI and diffusion weighted imaging with or without fusion. Clinical Radiology, 74(10), 790-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2019.07.003
    • Mongula, J. E., Bakers, F., Slangen, B. F. M., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Kruitwagen, R. F. P. M., & Mihl, C. (2019). Evaluation of various apparent diffusion coefficient measurement techniques in pre-operative staging of early cervical carcinoma. European Journal of Radiology, 118, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.06.021
    • Nguyen, U. C., Cluitmans, M. J. M., Strik, M., Luermans, J. G., Gommers, S., Wildberger, J. E., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Volders, P. G. A., Mihl, C., Prinzen, F. W., & Vernooy, K. (2019). Integration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiographic imaging, and coronary venous computed tomography angiography for guidance of left ventricular lead positioning. EP Europace, 21(4), 626-635. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy292
    • Martens, B., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Wildberger, J. E., & Mihl, C. (2019). Individually Body Weight-Adapted Contrast Media Application in Computed Tomography Imaging of the Liver at 90 kVp. Investigative Radiology, 54(3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000525
    • Holvoet, W., Mihl, C., Ruiters, A. W., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., & Bekkers, S. C. A. M. (2019). Coronary anomaly: when you think you've seen it all. Acta Cardiologica, 74(1), 86-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2018.1428160
  • 2018
    • Nguyen, U. C., Cluitmans, M. J. M., Prinzen, F. W., Mihl, C., & Vernooy, K. (2018). Reply to the letter from Bhagirath etal. Imaging for cardiac resynchronisation therapy requires cardiac magnetic resonance. Netherlands Heart Journal, 26(12), 641-642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-018-1196-z
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Vainer, J., Veenstra, L. F., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Do CTA measurements of annular diameter, perimeter and area result in different TAVI prosthesis sizes?International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 34(11), 1819-1829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1394-1
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Milanese, G., Brans, R., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). CT Angiography in the Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Feasibility of an Ultra-Low Volume Contrast Media Protocol. Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 41(11), 1751-1764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1979-z
    • Peeters, F. E. C. M., Dudink, E. A. M. P., Kimenai, D. M., Weijs, B., Altintas, S., Heckman, L. I. B., Mihl, C., Schurgers, L. J., Wildberger, J. E., Meex, S. J. R., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2018). Vitamin K Antagonists, Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants, and Vascular Calcification in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis, 2(4), e391-e398. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675578
    • Nguyen, U. C., Cluitmans, M. J. M., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Strik, M., de Vos, C. B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., Prinzen, F. W., Mihl, C., & Vernooy, K. (2018). Visualisation of coronary venous anatomy by computed tomography angiography prior to cardiac resynchronisation therapy implantation. Netherlands Heart Journal, 26(9), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-018-1132-2
    • van Hamersvelt, R. W., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Mihl, C., de Jong, P. A., Schilham, A. M. R., Buls, N., Das, M., Leiner, T., & Willemink, M. J. (2018). Contrast agent concentration optimization in CTA using low tube voltage and dual-energy CT in multiple vendors: a phantom study. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 34(8), 1265-1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1329-x
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Schwemmer, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Aortic root evaluation prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation-Correlation of manual and semi-automatic measurements. PLOS ONE, 13(6), Article e0199732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199732
    • Peeters, F. E. C. M., van Mourik, M. J. W., Meex, S. J. R., Bucerius, J., Schalla, S. M., Gerretsen, S. C., Mihl, C., Dweck, M. R., Schurgers, L. J., Wildberger, J. E., Crijns, H. J. G. M., & Kietselaer, B. L. J. H. (2018). Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis and the Effect of Vitamin K2 on Calcification Using F-18-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance: The BASIK2 Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients, 10(4), Article 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040386
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Park, H. B., Altintas, S., Mihl, C., Horehledova, B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). The role of standard non-ECG gated chest CT in cardiac assessment: design and rationale of the Cardiac Pathologies in standard chest CT (CaPaCT) study. European Radiology Experimental, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-018-0039-4
  • 2017
    • Mihl, C., Maas, M., Turek, J., Seehofnerova, A., Leijenaar, R. T. H., Kok, M., Lobbes, M. B. I., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2017). Contrast Media Administration in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography - A Systematic Review. RöFo-Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren, 189(4), 312-325. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-121609
  • 2016
    • Kok, M., Mihl, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Altintas, S., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Patient Comfort During Contrast Media Injection in Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography Using Varying Contrast Media Concentrations and Flow Rates Results From the EICAR Trial. Investigative Radiology, 51(12), 810-815. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000284
    • Kok, M., Turek, J., Mihl, C., Reinartz, S. D., Gohmann, R. F., Nijssen, E. C., Kats, S., van Ommen, V. G. V. A., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Low contrast media volume in pre-TAVI CT examinations. European Radiology, 26(8), 2426-2435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-4080-x
    • Kok, M., Mihl, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Altintas, S., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Optimizing contrast media application in coronary CT angiography at lower tube voltage: Evaluation in a circulation phantom and sixty patients. European Journal of Radiology, 85(6), 1068-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.03.022
    • Mihl, C., Kok, M., Altintas, S., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Turek, J., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Evaluation of individually body weight adapted contrast media injection in coronary CT-angiography. European Journal of Radiology, 85(4), 830-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.12.031
    • Kok, M., de Haan, M., Mihl, C., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Sailer, A. M., Derks, K., Schnerr, R. S., Schurink, G., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Individualized CT Angiography Protocols for the Evaluation of the Aorta: A Feasibility Study. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 27(4), 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.01.009
    • Hendriks, B. M. F., Kok, M., Mihl, C., Bekkers, B., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2016). Individually tailored contrast enhancement in CT pulmonary angiography. British Journal of Radiology, 89(1061), Article 20150850. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150850
  • 2015
    • Kok, M., Mihl, C., Seehofnerova, A., Turek, J., Jost, G., Pietsch, H., Haberland, U., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2015). Automated Tube Voltage Selection for Radiation Dose Reduction in CT Angiography Using Different Contrast Media Concentrations and a Constant Iodine Delivery Rate. American Journal of Roentgenology, 205(6), 1332-1338. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.14.13957
    • Mihl, C., Kok, M., Wildberger, J. E., Altintas, S., Labus, D., Nijssen, E. C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., & Das, M. (2015). Coronary CT angiography using low concentrated contrast media injected with high flow rates: Feasible in clinical practice. European Journal of Radiology, 84(11), 2155-2160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.06.031
    • Mihl, C., Kok, M., Wildberger, J. E., Turek, J., Muehlenbruch, G., & Das, M. (2015). Computed Tomography Angiography With High Flow Rates An In Vitro and In Vivo Feasibility Study. Investigative Radiology, 50(7), 464-469. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000153
    • Jurencak, T., Turek, J., Kietselaer, B., Mihl, C., Kok, M., van Ommen, V. G. V. A., van Garsse, L. A. F. M., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2015). MDCT evaluation of aortic root and aortic valve prior to TAVI. What is the optimal imaging time point in the cardiac cycle?European Radiology, 25(7), 1975-1983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3607-5
    • Kok, M., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Mihl, C., Altintas, S., Nijssen, E. C., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2015). Contrast Enhancement of the Right Ventricle during Coronary CT Angiography - Is It Necessary?PLOS ONE, 10(6), Article e0128625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128625
Overview