Joachim Wildberger

Professor

Joachim Wildberger is full Professor of Radiology and Chairman of the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at Maastricht UMC+. In addition, he serves as Director of the Division of Clinical Imaging and Diagnostic Laboratories at Maastrcith UMC+.

Graduated at the Rhenian-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) in Aachen, Germany, he received his medical degree in 1994. After internships in Cardiology and Diagnostic Radiology (Mönchengladbach/ Leipzig), he started his residency in Diagnostic Radiology at the University Hospital Aachen. He was board certified for Diagnostic Radiology in December 1998, and became a fellow/staff member at this department thereafter. He received his PhD in Radiology in 2002, was appointed as vice-chairman of the department in 2006 and received a professorship at the RWTH Aachen in 2007. In July 2007 he became Head of Department, Diagnostic Radiology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Charité Berlin, Campus Buch, Germany, before moving to his present position.

His per personal research topics are technical developments and functional imaging in computed tomography, contrast media research, cardiac imaging as well as image-guided interventions.

As PI for Imaging within CARIM he focusses on translational research, integrating different imaging modalities into the cardiovascular diagnostic chain, and favours multidisciplinary approaches to improve patient care.

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht 
PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht
Room number: 4.G2.013
T: +31(0)43 387 49 12

  • 2019
    • Boswijk, E., Sanders, K. J. C., Broeders, E. P. M., de Ligt, M., Vijgen, G. H. E. J., Havekes, B., Mingels, A. M. A., Wierts, R., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Schrauwen, P., Mottaghy, F. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Bucerius, J. (2019). TSH suppression aggravates arterial inflammation — an 18F-FDG PET study in thyroid carcinoma patients. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 46(7), 1428-1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-019-04292-w
    • Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., van Dijk, T., Berben, C., Wildberger, J. E., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2019). Evaluation of pressure-controlled mammography compression paddles with respect to force-controlled compression paddles in clinical practice. European Radiology, 29(5), 2545-2552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5953-6
    • Sailer, A. M., Paulis, L., Vergoossen, L., Wildberger, J. E., & Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N. (2019). Optimizing Staff Dose in Fluoroscopy-Guided Interventions by Comparing Clinical Data with Phantom Experiments. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 30(5), 701-708.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.11.019
    • Crombag, G. A. J. C., van Hoof, R. H. M., Holtackers, R. J., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Truijman, M. T. B., Schreuder, T. A. H. C. M. L., van Orshoven, N. P., Mess, W. H., Hofman, P. A. M., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., Wildberger, J. E., & Kooi, M. E. (2019). Symptomatic Carotid Plaques Demonstrate Less Leaky Plaque Microvasculature Compared With the Contralateral Side: A Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(8), Article 011832. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011832
    • Bauwens, M., Pooters, I., Cobben, R., Visser, M., Schnerr, R., Mottaghy, F., Wildberger, J., & Wierts, R. (2019). A comparison of four radionuclide dose calibrators using various radionuclides and measurement geometries clinically used in nuclear medicine. Physica Medica: European journal of medical physics, 60, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.03.012
    • Nguyen, U. C., Cluitmans, M. J. M., Strik, M., Luermans, J. G., Gommers, S., Wildberger, J. E., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Volders, P. G. A., Mihl, C., Prinzen, F. W., & Vernooy, K. (2019). Integration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiographic imaging, and coronary venous computed tomography angiography for guidance of left ventricular lead positioning. EP Europace, 21(4), 626-635. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euy292
    • Kemerink, G. J., Kutterer, G., Kicken, P. J., van Engelshoven, J. M. A., Simon, K. J., & Wildberger, J. E. (2019). The skin dose of pelvic radiographs since 1896. Insights into Imaging, 10(1), Article 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-019-0710-1
    • Peerlings, J., Woodruff, H. C., Winfield, J. M., Ibrahim, A., Van Beers, B. E., Heerschap, A., Jackson, A., Wildberger, J. E., Mottaghy, F. M., DeSouza, N. M., & Lambin, P. (2019). Stability of radiomics features in apparent diffusion coefficient maps from a multi-centre test-retest trial. Scientific Reports, 9, 1-10. Article 4800. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41344-5
    • Crombag, G. A. J. C., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., van Hoof, R. H. M., Truijman, M. T. B., Wijnen, N. J. A., Voo, S. A., Nelemans, P. J., Heeneman, S., Nederkoorn, P. J., Daemen, J.-W. H., Daemen, M. J. A. P., Mess, W. H., Wildberger, J. E., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., & Kooi, M. E. (2019). Microvasculature and intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerotic carotid lesions: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 21, Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-019-0524-9
    • Martens, B., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Wildberger, J. E., & Mihl, C. (2019). Individually Body Weight-Adapted Contrast Media Application in Computed Tomography Imaging of the Liver at 90 kVp. Investigative Radiology, 54(3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000525
    • Hendriks, B. M. F., Schnerr, R. S., Milanese, G., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., Niesen, S., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2019). Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography during Pregnancy: Radiation Dose of Commonly Used Protocols and the Effect of Scan Length Optimization. Korean Journal of Radiology, 20(2), 313-322. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2017.0779
    • Smith-Bindman, R., Wang, Y., Chu, P., Chung, R., Einstein, A. J., Balcombe, J., Cocker, M., Das, M., Delman, B. N., Flynn, M., Gould, R., Lee, R. K., Yellen-Nelson, T., Schindera, S., Seibert, A., Starkey, J., Suntharalingam, S., Wetter, A., Wildberger, J. E., & Miglioretti, D. L. (2019). International variation in radiation dose for computed tomography examinations: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 364, 1-12. Article 4931. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4931
    • van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Smidt, M. L., Goorts, B., Samiei, S., Houben, I., Kok, E. M., Wildberger, J. E., Robben, S. G. F., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2019). Can high school students help to improve breast radiologists in detecting missed breast cancer lesions on full-field digital mammography?Journal of Cancer, 10(3), 765-771. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.30494
    • Dudink, E., Florijn, B., Weijs, B., Duijs, J., Luermans, J., Peeters, F., Schurgers, L., Wildberger, J., Schotten, U., Bijkerk, R., Crijns, H. J., & van Zonneveld, A. J. (2019). Vascular Calcification and not Arrhythmia in Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation Associates with Sex Differences in Diabetic Microvascular Injury miRNA Profiles. MicroRNA (Shāriqah, United Arab Emirates), 8(2), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211536608666181122125208
  • 2018
    • Wierts, R., Conti, M., Claessen, A. G. G., Herrmann, K., Kemerink, G. J., Binse, I., Wildberger, J. E., Mottaghy, F. M., Backes, W. H., & Jentzen, W. (2018). Impact of prompt gamma coincidence correction on absorbed dose estimation in differentiated thyroid cancer using I-124 PET/CT imaging. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 39(12), 1156-1164. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNM.0000000000000911
    • Morin, O., Vallieres, M., Jochems, A., Woodruff, H. C., Valdes, G., Braunstein, S. E., Wildberger, J. E., Villanueva-Meyer, J. E., Kearney, V., Yom, S. S., Solberg, T. D., & Lambin, P. (2018). A Deep Look Into the Future of Quantitative Imaging in Oncology: A Statement of Working Principles and Proposal for Change. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 102(4), 1074-1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.08.032
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Vainer, J., Veenstra, L. F., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Do CTA measurements of annular diameter, perimeter and area result in different TAVI prosthesis sizes?International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 34(11), 1819-1829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1394-1
    • Adriaans, B. P., Heuts, S., Gerretsen, S., Cheriex, E. C., Vos, R., Natour, E., Maessen, J. G., Sardari Nia, P., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Schalla, S. (2018). Aortic elongation part I: the normal aortic ageing process. Heart, 104(21), 1772-1777. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312866
    • Heuts, S., Adriaans, B. P., Gerretsen, S., Natour, E., Vos, R., Cheriex, E. C., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., Maessen, J. G., Schalla, S., & Sardari Nia, P. (2018). Aortic elongation part II: the risk of acute type A aortic dissection. Heart, 104(21), 1778-1782. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312867
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Milanese, G., Brans, R., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). CT Angiography in the Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Feasibility of an Ultra-Low Volume Contrast Media Protocol. Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 41(11), 1751-1764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1979-z
    • Nijssen, E. C., Nelemans, P. J., Rennenberg, R. J., van Ommen, V., & Wildberger, J. E. (2018). Evaluation of Safety Guidelines on the Use of Iodinated Contrast Material Conundrum Continued. Investigative Radiology, 53(10), 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000479
    • Nijssen, E., Nelemans, P., Rennenberg, R., van Ommen, G., & Wildberger, J. (2018). Prophylactic Intravenous Hydration to Protect Renal Function From Intravascular Iodinated Contrast Material (AMACING): Long-term Results of a Prospective, Randomised, Controlled Trial. EClinicalMedicine, 4-5, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.10.007
    • Peeters, F. E. C. M., Dudink, E. A. M. P., Kimenai, D. M., Weijs, B., Altintas, S., Heckman, L. I. B., Mihl, C., Schurgers, L. J., Wildberger, J. E., Meex, S. J. R., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2018). Vitamin K Antagonists, Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants, and Vascular Calcification in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis, 2(4), e391-e398. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675578
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Willigers, J. L., Martens, B., Carati, L. F., Horehledova, B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Personalization of injection protocols to the individual patient's blood volume and automated tube voltage selection (ATVS) in coronary CTA. PLOS ONE, 13(9), Article e0203682. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203682
    • Smulders, M. W., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., van Cauteren, Y. J. M., Liefhebber, A., Vermeer, J. R., Vervuurt, J., van Dieijen-Visser, M. P., Mingels, A. M. A., Rocca, H.-P. B.-L., Dagnelie, P. C., Wildberger, J. E., Crijns, H. J. G. M., & Kietselaer, B. L. J. H. (2018). Risk stratification and role for additional diagnostic testing in patients with acute chest pain and normal high-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels. PLOS ONE, 13(9), Article e0203506. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203506
    • Nguyen, U. C., Cluitmans, M. J. M., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Strik, M., de Vos, C. B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., Prinzen, F. W., Mihl, C., & Vernooy, K. (2018). Visualisation of coronary venous anatomy by computed tomography angiography prior to cardiac resynchronisation therapy implantation. Netherlands Heart Journal, 26(9), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-018-1132-2
    • Lobbes, M. B., Mulder, H. K. P., Rousch, M., Backes, W. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N. (2018). Quantification of enhancement in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography using a custom-made quantifier tool (I-STRIP): A proof-of-concept study. European Journal of Radiology, 106, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.07.021
    • Crombag, G. A. J. C., Spronk, H. M., Nelemans, P., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Truijman, M. T. B., van Dijk, A. C., de Rotte, A. A. J., Liem, M. I., Daemen, M. J. A. P., van der Steen, A. F. W., Mess, W. H., Nederkoorn, P. J., Hendrikse, J., van der Lugt, A., Wildberger, J. E., ten Cate, H., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., & Kooi, M. E. (2018). No Association between Thrombin Generation and Intra-Plaque Haemorrhage in Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: The Plaque at RISK (PARISK) Study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 118(8), 1461-1469. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666858
    • Horehledova, B., Mihl, C., Schwemmer, C., Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Aortic root evaluation prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation-Correlation of manual and semi-automatic measurements. PLOS ONE, 13(6), Article e0199732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199732
    • Dudink, E. A. M. P., Peeters, F. E. C. M., Altintas, S., Heckman, L. I. B., Haest, R. J., Kragten, H., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Wildberger, J., Luermans, J. G. L. M., Weijs, B., & Crijns, H. J. G. M. (2018). Agatston score of the descending aorta is independently associated with coronary events in a low-risk population. Open Heart, 5(2), Article 000893. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000893
    • Boere, H., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Sailer, A. M., Wildberger, J. E., de Haan, M. W., Das, M., & Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N. (2018). Implementation of Size-Dependent Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for CT Angiography. American Journal of Roentgenology, 210(5), W226-W233. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.17.18566
    • Hendriks, B. M. F., Eijsvoogel, N. G., Kok, M., Martens, B., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). Optimizing Pulmonary Embolism Computed Tomography in the Age of Individualized Medicine A Prospective Clinical Study. Investigative Radiology, 53(5), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000443
    • Peeters, F. E. C. M., van Mourik, M. J. W., Meex, S. J. R., Bucerius, J., Schalla, S. M., Gerretsen, S. C., Mihl, C., Dweck, M. R., Schurgers, L. J., Wildberger, J. E., Crijns, H. J. G. M., & Kietselaer, B. L. J. H. (2018). Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis and the Effect of Vitamin K2 on Calcification Using F-18-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance: The BASIK2 Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients, 10(4), Article 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040386
    • van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Goorts, B., Voo, S., de Boer, M., Kooreman, L. F. S., Heuts, E. M., Wildberger, J. E., Mottaghy, F. M., Lobbes, M. B. I., & Smidt, M. L. (2018). Added value of dedicated axillary hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for improved axillary nodal staging in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients: a feasibility study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 45(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3823-0
    • van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Schipper, R. J., Lobbes, M. B. I., van Roozendaal, L. M., Voo, S., Moossdorff, M., Paiman, M. .-L., de Vries, B., Keymeulen, K. B. M. I., Wildberger, J. E., Smidt, M. L., & Beets-Tan, R. G. H. (2018). Diagnostic performance of gadofosveset-enhanced axillary MRI for nodal (re)staging in breast cancer patients: results of a validation study. Clinical Radiology, 73(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2017.09.005
    • Wierts, R., Jentzen, W., Quick, H. H., Wisselink, H. J., Pooters, I. N. A., Wildberger, J. E., Herrmann, K., Kemerink, G. J., Backes, W. H., & Mottaghy, F. M. (2018). Quantitative performance evaluation of I-124 PET/MRI lesion dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 63(1), Article 015014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa990b
    • Smulders, M., Bekkers, B., VAN Cauteren, Y., Liefhebber, A., Vermeer, J. R., Vervuurt, J., van Dieijen - Visser, M. P., Mingels, A., Brunner-La Rocca, H., Dagnelie, P., Wildberger, J., Crijns, H., & Kietselaer, B. (2018). Acute pijn op de borst zonder afwijkend troponine: Is aanvullende niet-invasieve diagnostiek zinvol?Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 162, 1-7. Article D3568. https://www.ntvg.nl/system/files/publications/d3568.pdf
    • Eijsvoogel, N. G., Hendriks, B. M. F., Park, H. B., Altintas, S., Mihl, C., Horehledova, B., Kietselaer, B. L. J. H., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Das, M. (2018). The role of standard non-ECG gated chest CT in cardiac assessment: design and rationale of the Cardiac Pathologies in standard chest CT (CaPaCT) study. European Radiology Experimental, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-018-0039-4
  • 2017
    • Jaarsma, C., Vink, H., van Haare, J., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., van Rooijen, B. D., Backes, W. H., Wildberger, J. E., Crijns, H. J., van Teeffelen, J., & Schalla, S. (2017). Non-invasive assessment of microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina. International Journal of Cardiology, 248, 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.010
    • Arnoldussen, C. W. K. P., Lam, Y., Ito, N., Winkens, B., Kooi, M. E., Wittens, C. H. A., & Wildberger, J. E. (2017). Gadobutrol versus gadofosveset-trisodium in MR venography of the lower extremities. European Radiology, 27(12), 4986-4994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-4902-0
    • Lambin, P., Leijenaar, R. T. H., Deist, T. M., Peerlings, J., de Jong, E. E. C., van Timmeren, J., Sanduleanu, S., Larue, R. T. H. M., Even, A. J. G., Jochems, A., van Wijk, Y., Woodruff, H., van Soest, J., Lustberg, T., Roelofs, E., van Elmpt, W., Dekker, A., Mottaghy, F. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Walsh, S. (2017). Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14(12), 749-762. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.141
    • Schnerr, R. S., Jansen, J. F. A., Uludag, K., Hofman, P. A. M., Wildberger, J. E., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., & Backes, W. H. (2017). Pulsatility of Lenticulostriate Arteries Assessed by 7 Tesla Flow MRI: Measurement, Reproducibility, and Applicability to Aging Effect. Frontiers in physiology, 8, Article 961. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00961
    • Boswijk, E., Bauwens, M., Mottaghy, F. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Bucerius, J. (2017). Potential of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET imaging in atherosclerosis. Methods, 130, 90-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.008
    • Sailer, A. M., Vergoossen, L., Paulis, L., van Zwam, W. H., Das, M., Wildberger, J. E., & Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N. (2017). Personalized Feedback on Staff Dose in Fluoroscopy-Guided Interventions: A New Era in Radiation Dose Monitoring. Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 40(11), 1756-1762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-017-1690-5
    • Pelgrim, G. J., Das, M., van Tuijl, S., van Assen, M., Prinzen, F. W., Stijnen, M., Oudkerk, M., Wildberger, J. E., & Vliegenthart, R. (2017). Validation of myocardial perfusion quantification by dynamic CT in an ex-vivo porcine heart model. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 33(11), 1821-1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1171-6
    • Goorts, B., Voo, S., van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Kooreman, L. F. S., de Boer, M., Keymeulen, K. B. M. I., Aarnoutse, R., Wildberger, J. E., Mottaghy, F. M., Lobbes, M. B. I., & Smidt, M. L. (2017). Hybrid 18-FDG PET/MRI might improve locoregional staging of breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 44(11), 1796-1805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3745-x
    • van Hoof, R. H. M., Voo, S. A., Sluimer, J. C., Wijnen, N. J. A., Hermeling, E., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Truijman, M. T. B., Cleutjens, J. P. M., Daemen, M. J. A. P., Daemen, J.-W. H., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., Mess, W. H., Wildberger, J. E., Heeneman, S., & Kooi, M. E. (2017). Vessel Wall and Adventitial DCE-MRI Parameters Demonstrate Similar Correlations With Carotid Plaque Microvasculature on Histology. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 46(4), 1053-1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25648
    • Smulders, M. W., Jaarsma, C., Nelemans, P. J., Bekkers, S. C. A. M., Bucerius, J., Leiner, T., Crijns, H. J. G. M., Wildberger, J. E., & Schalla, S. (2017). Comparison of the prognostic value of negative non-invasive cardiac investigations in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease-ameta-analysis. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 18(9), 980-987. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jex014
    • Houben, I. P. L., Van de Voorde, P., Jeukens, C. R. L. P. N., Wildberger, J. E., Kooreman, L. F., Smidt, M. L., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2017). Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as work-up tool in patients recalled from breast cancer screening has low risks and might hold clinical benefits. European Journal of Radiology, 94, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.07.004