Casper Schalkwijk

Professor

Prof. Casper Schalkwijk studied chemistry at University Utrecht and graduated in biochemistry. At the same university he obtained his PhD in 1992. He did post-graduate training in endothelial cell biology at TNO-PG in Leiden. He was appointed in 1995 as assistant professor and staff member at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at the Vrije Universiteit Medical Cente in Amsterdam and from 2004 as associate professor. He has led the Vascular Unit. He moved to the Department of Internal Medicine at Maastricht University in 2005, where he is heading the Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine (~15fte). He was appointed as Professor of Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht UMC+ in 2011.

His main research themes are obesity, insulin resistance, endothelial function and vascular complications. The importance of endothelial dysfunction for the development of diabetic complications is studied in epidemiological setting with the availability of several cohorts and with experimental ex-vivo -, animal - and cell work. He has led several clinical studies. A major aim of his programme is to deliver specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for the identification of patients developing  type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with high risk of vascular complications. Robust analytical techniques for measurements of biomarkers with multi-array technology and with UPLC-MSMS are available. A second aim of his programme is to obtain insight in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. His current studies focus mainly on the importance non-enzymatic glycation for the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. He discovered, as one of the first, the link between AGEs and vascular complications in individuals with and without diabetes. He is an (inter)nationally recognised expert in the field of glycation. His lab is one of the most renowned labs in this field.The work has been supported by several grants and is now granted by the Diabetes Fonds Nederland, EFSD, NWO, ZonMw and NVWA.

Department of Internal Medicine
Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht
PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht
Room number: 5.324
T: +31(0)43 388 21 86

  • 2024
    • Werkman, N. C. C., García-Sáez, G., Nielen, J. T. H., Tapia-Galisteo, J., Somolinos-Simón, F. J., Hernando, M. E., Wang, J., Jiu, L., Goettsch, W. G., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., de Vries, H., de Vries, N. K., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Driessen, J. H. M., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2024). Disease severity-based subgrouping of type 2 diabetes does not parallel differences in quality of life: the Maastricht Study. Diabetologia, 67(4), 690-702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-06082-4
    • Baylan, U., Baidoshvili, A., Simsek, S., Schalkwijk, C. G., Niessen, H., & Krijnen, P. (2024). Increased accumulation of the advanced glycation endproduct Ne(carboxymethyl) lysine in the intramyocardial vasculature in patients with epicarditis. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 105(2), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/iep.12499
    • van Gennip, A. C. E., Gupta, M. D., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Webers, C. A. B., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Wesselius, A., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., de Galan, B. E., Köhler, S., Schram, M. T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Sloten, T. T. (2024). Retinal microvascular function and incidence and trajectories of clinically relevant depressive symptoms: the Maastricht Study. Psychological Medicine, 1-10. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000618
    • Debras, C., Cordova, R., Mayén, A.-L., Maasen, K., Knaze, V., Eussen, S. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Huybrechts, I., Tjønneland, A., Halkjær, J., Katzke, V., Bajracharya, R., Schulze, M. B., Masala, G., Pala, V., Pasanisi, F., Macciotta, A., Petrova, D., Castañeda, J., ... Freisling, H. (2024). Dietary intake of dicarbonyl compounds and changes in body weight over time in a large cohort of European adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 1-13. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114524000503
    • Beran, M., van Gennip, A. C. E., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Jansen, J. F. A., Gupta, M. D., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Webers, C. A. B., Wesselius, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Backes, W. H., de Jong, J. J. A., van der Kallen, C. J. H., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Köhler, S., Vonk, J. M. J., Geerlings, M. I., Schram, M. T., & van Sloten, T. T. (2024). Microvascular Dysfunction and Whole-Brain White Matter Connectivity: The Maastricht Study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 13(3), Article e9112. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.031573
    • D'Haese, S., Claes, L., de Laat, I., Van Campenhout, S., Deluyker, D., Heeren, E., Haesen, S., Lambrichts, I., Wouters, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., Hansen, D., Eijnde, B., & Bito, V. (2024). Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Offer Equal Cardioprotection, with Different Mechanisms, during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Nutrients, 16(3), Article 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030431
    • Bellini, S., Guarrera, S., Matullo, G., Schalkwijk, C., Stehouwer, C. D., Chaturvedi, N., Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Barutta, F., & Gruden, G. (2024). Serum MicroRNA-191-5p Levels in Vascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 109(1), E163-E174. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad468
    • van der Heide, F. C. T., Khawaja, A., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Littlejohns, T. J., Kuźma, E., Luben, R., Patel, P. J., Foster, P. J., Webers, C., Kroon, B., van der Kallen, C., van Dongen, M., Eussen, S., Schalkwijk, C., Bosma, H., Koehler, S., Schram, M., Blokland, G., Linden, D., ... Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2024). Associations of inner retinal layers with risk of incident dementia: An individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 20(1), 211-220. Article 13167. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13167
  • 2023
    • Mokhtar, S. B. A., van der Heide, F. C. T., Oyaert, K. A. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Scarpa, F., Colonna, A., de Galan, B. E., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Nuijts, R. M. M. A., Schaper, N. C., Kroon, A. A., Schram, M. T., Webers, C. A. B., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2023). (Pre)diabetes and a higher level of glycaemic measures are continuously associated with corneal neurodegeneration assessed by corneal confocal microscopy: the Maastricht Study. Diabetologia, 66(11), 2030-2041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05986-5
    • Berends, E., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., Foulquier, S., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity. Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 20(1), Article 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6
    • Nagenborg, J., Jin, H., Ruder, A. V., Temmerman, L., Mees, B., Schalkwijk, C., Müller-Klieser, D., Berg, T., Goossens, P., Donners, M. M. P. C., & Biessen, E. A. L. (2023). GM-CSF-activated STAT5A regulates macrophage functions and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, Article 1165306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165306
    • Piazza, M., Hanssen, N. M. J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Vd Waarenburg, M., Caroccia, B., Seccia, T. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Rossi, G. P., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Serum levels of autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type I receptor are not associated with serum dicarbonyl or AGE levels in patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Journal of Human Hypertension, 37(10), 919-924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-022-00773-y
    • Bednarska, K., Fecka, I., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Ahles, S., Vangrieken, P., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). A Citrus and Pomegranate Complex Reduces Methylglyoxal in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(17), Article 13168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713168
    • van Dongen, J., Willemsen, G., de Geus, E. J. C., Boomsma, D. I., Neale, M. C., BIOS Consortium, van Greevenbroek, M., Stehouwer, C., van der Kallen, C., & Schalkwijk, C. (2023). Effects of smoking on genome-wide DNA methylation profiles: A study of discordant and concordant monozygotic twin pairs. Elife, 12, Article e83286. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.83286
    • Linkens, A. M. A., Eussen, S. J. M. P., Houben, A. J. H. M., Mari, A., Dagnelie, P. C., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Habitual intake of advanced glycation endproducts is not associated with worse insulin sensitivity, worse beta cell function, or presence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: The Maastricht Study. Clinical Nutrition, 42(8), 1491-1500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.021
    • Maasen, K., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Dagnelie, P. C., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Opperhuizen, A., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Habitual Intake of Dietary Dicarbonyls is Associated with Greater Insulin Sensitivity and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: The Maastricht Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 118(1), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.011
    • Berge, K., Aengevaeren, V. L., Mosterd, A., Velthuis, B. K., Lyngbakken, M. N., Omland, T., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2023). Plasma Advanced Glycation End Products and Dicarbonyl Compounds Are Not Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 55(7), 1143-1150. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003152
    • Jin, S., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2023). Plasma factor D is cross-sectionally associated with low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: The Maastricht study. Atherosclerosis, 377(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.079
    • Lindhard, K., Jensen, B. L., Pedersen, B. L., Meyer-Olesen, C., Rix, M., Hansen, H. P., Schalkwijk, C., Waarenburg, M., Heaf, J., & Hansen, D. (2023). Far infrared treatment on the arteriovenous fistula induces changes in sVCAM and sICAM in patients on hemodialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 38(7), 1752-1760. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfad032
    • Geraets, A. F. J., Schram, M. T., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Kooman, J. P., Verhey, F. R. J., & Köhler, S. (2023). Corrigendum to "The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study" [J. Affect. Disord. 313 (2022) 110-117]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 329, 589-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.001
    • Buziau, A. M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2023). Effects of fructose added to an oral glucose tolerance test on plasma glucose excursions in healthy adults. Metabolism open, 18(1), Article 100245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2023.100245
    • Rinaldi, E., van der Heide, F. C. T., Bonora, E., Trombetta, M., Zusi, C., Kroon, A. A., Schram, M. T., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Wesselius, A., Bonadonna, R., Mari, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2023). Lower heart rate variability, an index of worse autonomic function, is associated with worse beta cell response to a glycemic load in vivo-The Maastricht Study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 22(1), Article 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01837-0
    • Trouwborst, I., Wouters, K., Jocken, J. W., Jardon, K. M., Gijbels, A., Dagnelie, P. C., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Richard, N., Bendik, I., Afman, L. A., Blaak, E. E., & Goossens, G. H. (2023). Circulating and adipose tissue immune cells in tissue-specific insulin resistance in humans with overweight and obesity. Obesity, 31(5), 1326-1337. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23714
    • van den Eynde, M. D. G., Houben, A. J. H. M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Linkens, A. M. A., Niessen, P. M., Simons, N., Hanssen, N. M. J., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Eussen, S. J. M. P., Miyata, T., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Pyridoxamine reduces methylglyoxal and markers of glycation and endothelial dysfunction, but does not improve insulin sensitivity or vascular function in abdominally obese individuals: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 25(5), 1280-1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14977
    • Buziau, A. M., Blokland, G. A. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Simons, P. I. H. G., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Dagnelie, P. C., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Wesselius, A., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2023). Comment on Lee et al. Relation of Change or Substitution of Low- and No-Calorie Sweetened Beverages With Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Diabetes Care 2022;45. Diabetes Care, 46(4), E97-E98. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-1930
    • Zhang, X. D., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Wouters, K., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Increased methylglyoxal formation in plasma and tissues during a glucose tolerance test is derived from exogenous glucose. Clinical Science, 137(8), 697-706. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20220753
    • van der Heide, F. C. T., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Henry, R. M. A., Kroon, A. A., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Dagnelie, P. C., van Dongen, M. C. J. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Schouten, J. S. A. G., Webers, C. A. B., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Wesselius, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Koster, A., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Beulens, J. W. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2023). Alcohol consumption and microvascular dysfunction: a J-shaped association: The Maastricht Study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 22(1), Article 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01783-x
    • Tore, E. C., Elshorbagy, A. K., Bakers, F. C. H., Brouwers, M. C. G. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Jansen, J. F. A., Kooi, M. E., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Meex, S. J. R., Olsen, T., Refsum, H., Retterstøl, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Vinknes, K. J., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2023). Associations between plasma sulfur amino acids and specific fat depots in two independent cohorts: CODAM and The Maastricht Study. European Journal of Nutrition, 62(2), 891-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-03041-4
    • Buziau, A. M., Law, P. J., Blokland, G., Schalkwijk, C., Scheijen, J., Simons, P., van der Kallen, C., Eussen, S., Dagnelie, P. C., van Greevenbroek, M., Houlston, R. S., Wesselius, A., Went, M., Stehouwer, C., & Brouwers, M. C. (2023). Genetically proxied ketohexokinase function and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study. Gut, 72(3), 604-606. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326299
    • Hanssen, N. M. J., Tikellis, C., Pickering, R. J., Dragoljevic, D., Lee, M. K. S., Block, T., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Wouters, K., Miyata, T., Cooper, M. E., Murphy, A. J., Thomas, M. C., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2023). Pyridoxamine prevents increased atherosclerosis by intermittent methylglyoxal spikes in the aortic arches of ApoE-/- mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 158(1), Article 114211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114211
    • Schalkwijk, C. G., Micali, L. R., & Wouters, K. (2023). Advanced glycation endproducts in diabetes-related macrovascular complications: focus on methylglyoxal. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.004
    • Monereo-Sánchez, J., Jansen, J. F. A., Köhler, S., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Backes, W. H., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Kroon, A. A., Kooman, J. P., Schalkwijk, C. G., Linden, D. E. J., & Schram, M. T. (2023). The association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with hippocampal subfields volume: The Maastricht study. NeuroImage: Clinical, 39, Article 103455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103455
    • Simons, P. I. H. G., Valkenburg, O., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Kooi, M. E., Jansen, J. F. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2023). Serum sex hormone-binding globulin is a mediator of the association between intrahepatic lipid content and type 2 diabetes: the Maastricht Study. Diabetologia, 66(1), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05790-7
    • de Graaf, M. C. G., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Spooren, C. E. G. M., Mujagic, Z., Pierik, M. J., Feskens, E. J. M., Keszthelyi, D., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Jonkers, D. M. A. E. (2023). The Intake of Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Part of the Habitual Diet Is Not Associated with Intestinal Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients. Nutrients, 15(1), Article 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010083
    • Fontaine, M. A. C., Jin, H., Gagliardi, M., Rousch, M., Wijnands, E., Stoll, M., Li, X., Schurgers, L., Reutelingsperger, C., Schalkwijk, C., van den Akker, N. M. S., Molin, D. G. M., Gullestad, L., Eritsland, J., Hoffman, P., Skjelland, M., Andersen, G. Ø., Aukrust, P., Karel, J., ... Biessen, E. A. L. (2023). Blood Milieu in Acute Myocardial Infarction Reprograms Human Macrophages for Trauma Repair. Advanced Science, 10(5), Article 2203053. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203053
  • 2022
    • Maasen, K., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Dagnelie, P. C., Houben, A. J. H. M., Webers, C. A. B., Schram, M. T., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Opperhuizen, A., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2022). Habitual intake of dietary methylglyoxal is associated with less low-grade inflammation: the Maastricht Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(6), 1715-1728. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac195
    • Csongová, M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., Gurecká, R., Koborová, I., Tábi, T., Szökö, É., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Šebeková, K. (2022). Association of α-Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End Products with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients, 14(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224929
    • Jin, S., Reesink, K. D., Kroon, A. A., de Galan, B., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Wesselius, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2022). Complement factors D and C3 cross-sectionally associate with arterial stiffness, but not independently of metabolic risk factors: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Hypertension, 40(11), 2161-2170. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003237
    • Wölfel, E. M., Schmidt, F. N., Vom Scheidt, A., Siebels, A. K., Wulff, B., Mushumba, H., Ondruschka, B., Püschel, K., Scheijen, J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Vettorazzi, E., Jähn-Rickert, K., Gludovatz, B., Schaible, E., Amling, M., Rauner, M., Hofbauer, L. C., Zimmermann, E. A., & Busse, B. (2022). Dimorphic mechanisms of fragility in diabetes mellitus - the role of reduced collagen fibril deformation. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 37(11), 2259-2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4706
    • van der Heide, F. C. T., Foreman, Y. D., Franken, I. W. M., Henry, R. M. A., Kroon, A. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Schouten, J. S. A. G., Webers, C. A. B., Schram, M. T., van der Kallen, C. J. H., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Wesselius, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schaper, N. C., Brouwers, M. C. G. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2022). (Pre)diabetes, glycemia, and daily glucose variability are associated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in The Maastricht Study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 17750. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22748-2
    • Córdova, R., Mayén, A.-L., Knaze, V., Aglago, E. K., Schalkwijk, C., Wagner, K.-H., Overvad, K., Tjønneland, A., Kyrø, C., Katzke, V. A., Cornet, C. L., Schulze, M. B., Birukov, A., Palli, D., Grioni, S., Pasanisi, F., Catalano, A., Sandanger, T. M., Gram, I. T., ... Freisling, H. (2022). Dietary intake of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and cancer risk across more than 20 anatomical sites: A multinational cohort study. Cancer Communications, 42, 1041-1045. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12343
    • Top, W. M. C., Lehert, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Kooy, A. (2022). Effect of metformin on arginine and dimethylarginines in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized trial. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 24(10), 1983-1988. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14784
    • Janssen, L. E. F., Simons, N., Simons, P. I. H. G., Schaper, N. C., Feskens, E. J. M., van der Ploeg, L. M. C., Van den Eynde, M. D. G., Schalkwijk, C. G., Houben, A. J. H. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2022). Effects of fructose restriction on blood pressure: Secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 51, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.009
    • Geraets, A. F. J., Schram, M. T., Jansen, J. F. A., Backes, W. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Kooman, J. P., Verhey, F. R. J., & Köhler, S. (2022). The cardiometabolic depression subtype and its association with clinical characteristics: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 313, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.045
    • Baylan, U., Korn, A., Emmens, R. W., Schalkwijk, C. G., Niessen, H. W. M., Krijnen, P. A. J., & Simsek, S. (2022). Liraglutide treatment attenuates inflammation markers in the cardiac, cerebral and renal microvasculature in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52(9), Article 13807. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13807
    • Leung, S. S., Borg, D. J., McCarthy, D. A., Boursalian, T. E., Cracraft, J., Zhuang, A., Fotheringham, A. K., Flemming, N., Watkins, T., Miles, J. J., Groop, P.-H., Scheijen, J. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Steptoe, R. J., Radford, K. J., Knip, M., & Forbes, J. M. (2022). Soluble RAGE Prevents Type 1 Diabetes Expanding Functional Regulatory T Cells. Diabetes, 71(9), 1994-2008. https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-0177
    • Zhang, X., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Wouters, K. (2022). Immunometabolism and the modulation of immune responses and host defense: A role for methylglyoxal?Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1868(8), Article 166425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166425
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