Casper Schalkwijk

Professor

Prof. Casper Schalkwijk studied chemistry at University Utrecht and graduated in biochemistry. At the same university he obtained his PhD in 1992. He did post-graduate training in endothelial cell biology at TNO-PG in Leiden. He was appointed in 1995 as assistant professor and staff member at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at the Vrije Universiteit Medical Cente in Amsterdam and from 2004 as associate professor. He has led the Vascular Unit. He moved to the Department of Internal Medicine at Maastricht University in 2005, where he is heading the Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine (~15fte). He was appointed as Professor of Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht UMC+ in 2011.

His main research themes are obesity, insulin resistance, endothelial function and vascular complications. The importance of endothelial dysfunction for the development of diabetic complications is studied in epidemiological setting with the availability of several cohorts and with experimental ex-vivo -, animal - and cell work. He has led several clinical studies. A major aim of his programme is to deliver specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for the identification of patients developing  type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with high risk of vascular complications. Robust analytical techniques for measurements of biomarkers with multi-array technology and with UPLC-MSMS are available. A second aim of his programme is to obtain insight in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. His current studies focus mainly on the importance non-enzymatic glycation for the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. He discovered, as one of the first, the link between AGEs and vascular complications in individuals with and without diabetes. He is an (inter)nationally recognised expert in the field of glycation. His lab is one of the most renowned labs in this field.The work has been supported by several grants and is now granted by the Diabetes Fonds Nederland, EFSD, NWO, ZonMw and NVWA.

Department of Internal Medicine
Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht
PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht
Room number: 5.324
T: +31(0)43 388 21 86

  • 2018
    • 't Hart, L. M., Vogelzangs, N., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., Brahimaj, A., Nano, J., van der Heijden, A. A. W. A., van Dijk, K. W., Slieker, R. C., Steyerberg, E. W., Ikram, M. A., Beekman, M., Boomsma, D. I., van Duijn, C. M., Slagboom, P. E., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Arts, I. C. W., Dekker, J. M., Dehghan, A., ... van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2018). Blood Metabolomic Measures Associate With Present and Future Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 103(12), 4569-4579. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01165
    • Xin, Y., Hertle, E., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2018). Complement C3 and C4, but not their regulators or activated products, are associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the CODAM study. Endocrine, 62(3), 617-627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1712-3
    • Van den Eynde, M. D. G., Geleijnse, J. M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Hanssen, N. M. J., Dower, J. I., Afman, L. A., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Hollman, P. C. H., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2018). Quercetin, but Not Epicatechin, Decreases Plasma Concentrations of Methylglyoxal in Adults in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial with Pure Flavonoids. Journal of Nutrition, 148(12), 1911-1916. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy236
    • Gala, T. D. L. H., Herder, C., Rutters, F., Carstensen-Kirberg, M., Huth, C., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Schalkwijk, C., Flyvbjerg, A., Franks, P. W., Dekker, J., Meisinger, C., Koenig, W., Roden, M., Rathmann, W., Peters, A., Thorand, B., & IMI DIRECT Consortium (2018). Association of changes in inflammation with variation in glycaemia, insulin resistance and secretion based on the KORA study. Diabetes-metabolism Research and Reviews, 34(8), Article 3063. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3063
    • Alfarano, M., Pastore, D., Fogliano, V., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Oliviero, T. (2018). The Effect of Sulforaphane on Glyoxalase I Expression and Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients, 10(11), Article 1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111773
    • Simons, P. I. H. G., Simons, N., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schaper, N. C., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2018). Association of common gene variants in glucokinase regulatory protein with cardiorenal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 13(10), Article 0206174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206174
    • Bijnen, M., Beelen, N., Wetzels, S., van De Gaar, J., Vroomen, M., Wijnands, E., Scheijen, J. L., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., Gijbels, M. J., Cleutjens, J. P., Biessen, E. A. L., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Wouters, K. (2018). RAGE deficiency does not affect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in Western type diet-fed Ldlr(-/-) mice. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 15256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33661-y
    • Hanssen, N. M. J., Westerink, J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., van der Graaf, Y., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & SMART Study Grp (2018). Higher Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 41(8), 1689-1695. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0159
    • Out, M., Top, W. M. C., Lehert, P., Schalkwijk, C. A., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Kooy, A. (2018). Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and vitamin D levels: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism, 20(8), 1951-1956. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13327
    • Bijnen, M., Josefs, T., Cuijpers, I., Maalsen, C. J., van de Gaar, J., Vroomen, M., Wijnands, E., Rensen, S. S., Greve, J. W. M., Hofker, M. H., Biessen, E. A. L., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Wouters, K. (2018). Adipose tissue macrophages induce hepatic neutrophil recruitment and macrophage accumulation in mice. Gut, 67(7), 1317-1327. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313654
    • Talbot, C. P. J., Plat, J., Joris, P. J., Konings, M., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Ritsch, A., & Mensink, R. P. (2018). HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and cholesteryl ester transfer are associated with body mass, but are not changed by diet-induced weight loss: A randomized trial in abdominally obese men. Atherosclerosis, 274, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.029
    • Duvivier, B. M. F. M., Bolijn, J. E., Koster, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., & Schaper, N. C. (2018). Reducing sitting time versus adding exercise: differential effects on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and metabolic risk. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 8657. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26616-w
    • Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Hanssen, N. M. J., van Greevenbroek, M. M., van der Kallen, C. J., Feskens, E. J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2018). Dietary intake of advanced glycation endproducts is associated with higher levels of advanced glycation endproducts in plasma and urine: The CODAM study. Clinical Nutrition, 37(3), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.019
    • van Bussel, B. C. T., Henry, R. M. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Feskens, E. J. M., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018). Alcohol and red wine consumption, but not fruit, vegetables, fish or dairy products, are associated with less endothelial dysfunction and less low-grade inflammation: the Hoorn Study. European Journal of Nutrition, 57(4), 1409-1419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1420-4
    • Meesters, A., Den Bosch-Meevissen, Y. M. C. I., Weijzen, C. A. H., Buurman, W. A., Losen, M., Schepers, J., Thissen, M. R. T. M., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Peters, M. L. (2018). The effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on wound healing: a preliminary study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9901-8
    • Wetzels, S., Wouters, K., Miyata, T., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Hendriks, J. J. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Vanmierlo, T. (2018). Advanced Glycation Endproducts Are Increased in the Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis but Cannot Be Reduced by Pyridoxamine Treatment or Glyoxalase 1 Overexpression. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(5), Article 1311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051311
    • Hertle, E., Arts, I. C. W., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Feskens, E. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2018). Classical Pathway of Complement Activation: Longitudinal Associations of C1q and C1-INH With Cardiovascular Outcomes: The CODAM Study (Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht)Brief Report. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 38(5), 1242-1244. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.310806
    • Xin, Y., Hertle, E., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2018). Longitudinal associations of the alternative and terminal pathways of complement activation with adiposity: The CODAM study. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 12(3), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2017.11.002
    • Bellahcene, A., Nokin, M.-J., Castronovo, V., & Schalkwijk, C. (2018). Methylglyoxal-derived stress: An emerging biological factor involved in the onset and progression of cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 49, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.010
    • Fazelzadeh, P., Hangelbroek, R. W. J., Joris, P. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Esser, D., Afman, L., Hankemeier, T., Jacobs, D. M., Mihaleva, V. V., Kersten, S., Van Duynhoven, J., & Boekschoten, M. V. (2018). Weight loss moderately affects the mixed meal challenge response of the plasma metabolome and transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in abdominally obese subjects. Metabolomics, 14(4), Article 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1328-x
    • Zwakenberg, S. R., van der Schouw, Y. T., Schalkwijk, C. G., Spijkerman, A. M. W., & Beulens, J. W. J. (2018). Bone markers and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 17, Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-018-0691-2
    • Verboven, K., Wouters, K., Gaens, K., Hansen, D., Bijnen, M., Wetzels, S., Stehouwer, C. D., Goossens, G. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Blaak, E. E., & Jocken, J. W. (2018). Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte size, lipolysis and inflammation relate to insulin resistance in male obese humans. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 4677. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22962-x
    • Peeters, S. A., Engelen, L., Buijs, J., Theilade, S., Rossing, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018). Associations between advanced glycation endproducts and matrix metalloproteinases and its inhibitor in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 32(3), 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.12.011
    • Wetzels, S., Bijnen, M., Wijnands, E., Biessen, E. A. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Wouters, K. (2018). Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry. Journal of visualized experiment, (133), Article e57319 . https://doi.org/10.3791/57319
    • Out, M., Kooy, A., Lehert, P., Schalkwijk, C. A., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018). Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and methylmalonic acid: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled 4.3 year trial. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 32(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.001
    • Schutten, M. T. J., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Joris, P. J., Plat, J., Mensink, R. P., de Leeuw, P. W., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018). Aldosterone Is Not Associated With Metabolic and Microvascular Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 103(2), 759-767. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01541
    • Yousefi, S., Abbassi-Daloii, T., Kraaijenbrink, T., Vermaat, M., Mei, H., van't Hof, P., van Iterson, M., Zhernakova, D. V., Claringbould, A., Franke, L., 't Hart, L. M., Slieker, R. C., van der Heijden, A., de Knijff, P., 't Hoen, P. A. C., BIOS Consortium, Jansen, R., van Meurs, J., Heijmans, B. T., ... Franke, L. (2018). A SNP panel for identification of DNA and RNA specimens. BMC Genomics, 19(90), Article 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4482-7
    • Ferreira, I., Hovind, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., Parving, H.-H., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Rossing, P. (2018). Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as predictors of pulse pressure and incident hypertension in type 1 diabetes: a 20 year life-course study in an inception cohort. Diabetologia, 61(1), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4470-5
    • Mitsides, N., Cornelis, T., Broers, N. J. H., Diederen, N. M. P., Brenchley, P., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C., Kooman, J. P., & Mitra, S. (2018). Cardiovascular and Patient Phenotype of Extended Haemodialysis: A Critical Analysis of Studying a Unique Patient Population. Blood Purification, 45(4), 356-363. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485231
    • Wanders, A. J., Alssema, M., De Hoon, S. E. M., Feskens, E. J. M., van Woudenbergh, G. J., van der Kallen, C. J., Zock, P. L., Refsum, H., Drevon, C. A., Elshorbagy, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Dekker, J. M., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2018). Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Dietary Intake across Subgroups: The CODAM and Hoorn Studies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 72(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486244
  • 2017
    • Richard, M. A., Huan, T., Ligthart, S., Gondalia, R., Jhun, M. A., Brody, J. A., Irvin, M. R., Marioni, R., Shen, J., Tsai, P.-C., Montasser, M. E., Jia, Y., Syme, C., Salfati, E. L., Boerwinkle, E., Guan, W., Mosley, T. H., Bressler, J., Morrison, A. C., ... Fornage, M. (2017). DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies Loci for Blood Pressure Regulation. American Journal of Human Genetics, 101(6), 888-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.028
    • Geijselaers, S. L. C., Sep, S. J. S., Claessens, D., Schram, M. T., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Henry, R. M. A., Verhey, F. R. J., Kroon, A. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Biessels, G. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). The role of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in diabetes: Associated differences in cognitive performance-The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care, 40(11), 1537-1547. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0330
    • Wouters, K., Deleye, Y., Hannou, S. A., Vanhoutte, J., Marechal, X., Coisne, A., Tagzirt, M., Derudas, B., Bouchaert, E., Duhem, C., Vallez, E., Schalkwijk, C. G., Pattou, F., Montaigne, D., Staels, B., & Paumelle, R. (2017). The tumour suppressor CDKN2A/p16(INK4a) regulates adipogenesis and bone marrow-dependent development of perivascular adipose tissue. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research, 14(6), 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164117728012
    • Peeters, S. A., Engelen, L., Buijs, J., Chaturvedi, N., Fuller, J. H., Jorsal, A., Parving, H.-H., Tarnow, L., Theilade, S., Rossing, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Circulating matrix metalloproteinases are associated with arterial stiffness in patients with type 1 diabetes: pooled analysis of three cohort studies. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16, Article 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0620-9
    • Maessen, M. F. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Aengevaeren, V. L., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2017). A comparison of dicarbonyl stress and advanced glycation endproducts in lifelong endurance athletes vs. sedentary controls. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(10), 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.011
    • Kooman, J. P., Dekker, M. J., Usvyat, L. A., Kotanko, P., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Shiels, P. G., & Stenvinkel, P. (2017). Inflammation and premature aging in advanced chronic kidney disease. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 313(4), F938-F950. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00256.2017
    • Mitsides, N., Cornelis, T., Broers, N. J. H., Diederen, N. M. P., Brenchley, P., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kooman, J. P., & Mitra, S. (2017). Extracellular overhydration linked with endothelial dysfunction in the context of inflammation in haemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. PLOS ONE, 12(8), Article 0183281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183281
    • Hanssen, N. M. J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Jorsal, A., Parving, H.-H., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2017). Higher Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A 12-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes, 66(8), 2278-2283. https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-1578
    • Sörensen, B. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Berendschot, T. T. J. M., Schouten, J. S. A. G., Kroon, A. A., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Henry, R. M. A., Koster, A., Reesink, K. D., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schram, M. T., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Hyperglycemia Is the Main Mediator of Prediabetes- and Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Impairment of Microvascular Function: The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care, 40(8), e103-e105. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0574
    • Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Houben, A. J. H. M., Kooi, M. E., Lindeboom, L., 't Roodt, J. O., Joris, P. J., Plat, J., Mensink, R. P., Barrett, E. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Independent tissue contributors to obesity-associated insulin resistance. JCI INSIGHT, 2(13), Article e89695. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.89695
    • Koole, D., van Herwaarden, J. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Lafeber, F. P. J. G., Vink, A., Smeets, M. B., Pasterkamp, G., & Moll, F. L. (2017). A potential role for glycated cross-links in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 65(5), 1493-1503.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2016.04.028
    • Veugen, M. G. J., Henry, R. M. A., van Sloten, T. T., Hermeling, E., Brunner-La Rocca, H.-P., Schram, M. T., Dagnelie, P. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kroon, A. A., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Reesink, K. D. (2017). The systolic-diastolic difference in carotid stiffness is increased in type 2 diabetes: The Maastricht Study. Journal of Hypertension, 35(5), 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001298
    • Peeters, S. A., Engelen, L., Buijs, J., Jorsal, A., Parving, H. .-H., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2017). Plasma matrix metalloproteinases are associated with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16, Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0539-1
    • de Vos, L. C., Boersema, J., Hillebrands, J. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Meerwaldt, R., Breek, J. C., Smit, A. J., Zeebregts, C. J., & Lefrandt, J. D. (2017). Diverging effects of diabetes mellitus in patients with peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm and the role of advanced glycation end-products: ARTERY study - protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(4), Article e012584. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012584
    • Fokkens, B. T., Mulder, D. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Scheijen, J. L., Smit, A. J., & Los, L. I. (2017). Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls. PLOS ONE, 12(3), Article e0173379. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173379
    • van Moorsel, D., Henry, R. M., Schaper, N. C., van Greevenbroek, M. M., van Rossum, E. F., 't Hart, L. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Kallen, C. J., Dekker, J. M., Stehouwer, C. D., & Havekes, B. (2017). BclI Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism in Relation to Arterial Stiffening and Cardiac Structure and Function: The Hoorn and CODAM Studies. American Journal of Hypertension, 30(3), 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpw196
    • den Biggelaar, L. J. C. J., Sep, S. J. S., Eussen, S. J. P. M., Mari, A., Ferrannini, E., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Dagnelie, P. C. (2017). Discriminatory ability of simple OGTT-based beta cell function indices for prediction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: the CODAM study. Diabetologia, 60(3), 432-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4165-3
    • Wouters, K., Gaens, K., Bijnen, M., Verboven, K., Jocken, J., Wetzels, S., Wijnands, E., Hansen, D., van Greevenbroek, M., Duijvestijn, A. M., Biessen, E. A. L., Blaak, E. E., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2017). Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c(+) macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue. Scientific Reports, 7, Article 42665. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42665
    • Wetzels, S., Wouters, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., Vanmierlo, T., & Hendriks, J. J. A. (2017). Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Multiple Sclerosis. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(2), Article 421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020421
    • van Bussel, B. C. T., van de Poll, M. C. G., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Bergmans, D. C. J. J. (2017). Increased Dicarbonyl Stress as a Novel Mechanism of Multi-Organ Failure in Critical Illness. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(2), Article 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020346