Casper Schalkwijk

Professor

Prof. Casper Schalkwijk studied chemistry at University Utrecht and graduated in biochemistry. At the same university he obtained his PhD in 1992. He did post-graduate training in endothelial cell biology at TNO-PG in Leiden. He was appointed in 1995 as assistant professor and staff member at the Department of Clinical Chemistry at the Vrije Universiteit Medical Cente in Amsterdam and from 2004 as associate professor. He has led the Vascular Unit. He moved to the Department of Internal Medicine at Maastricht University in 2005, where he is heading the Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine (~15fte). He was appointed as Professor of Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) of Maastricht UMC+ in 2011.

His main research themes are obesity, insulin resistance, endothelial function and vascular complications. The importance of endothelial dysfunction for the development of diabetic complications is studied in epidemiological setting with the availability of several cohorts and with experimental ex-vivo -, animal - and cell work. He has led several clinical studies. A major aim of his programme is to deliver specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for the identification of patients developing  type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with high risk of vascular complications. Robust analytical techniques for measurements of biomarkers with multi-array technology and with UPLC-MSMS are available. A second aim of his programme is to obtain insight in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. His current studies focus mainly on the importance non-enzymatic glycation for the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. He discovered, as one of the first, the link between AGEs and vascular complications in individuals with and without diabetes. He is an (inter)nationally recognised expert in the field of glycation. His lab is one of the most renowned labs in this field.The work has been supported by several grants and is now granted by the Diabetes Fonds Nederland, EFSD, NWO, ZonMw and NVWA.

Department of Internal Medicine
Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht
PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht
Room number: 5.324
T: +31(0)43 388 21 86

  • 2017
    • Barutta, F., Bruno, G., Matullo, G., Chaturvedi, N., Grimaldi, S., Schalkwijk, C., Stehouwer, C. D., Fuller, J. H., & Gruden, G. (2017). MicroRNA-126 and micro-/macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Acta Diabetologica, 54(2), 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-016-0915-4
    • van der Vorst, E. P. C., Theodorou, K., Wu, Y., Hoeksema, M. A., Goossens, P., Bursill, C. A., Aliyev, T., Huitema, L. F. A., Tas, S. W., Wolfs, I. M. J., Kuijpers, M. J. E., Gijbels, M. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Koonen, D. P. Y., Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., McDaniels, K., Wang, C.-C., Leitges, M., Lawrence, T., ... Donners, M. M. P. C. (2017). High-Density Lipoproteins Exert Pro-inflammatory Effects on Macrophages via Passive Cholesterol Depletion and PKC-NF-kappa B/STAT1-IRF1 Signaling. Cell Metabolism, 25(1), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.013
    • van Dooren, F. E. P., Pouwer, F., Schalkwijk, C. G., Sep, S. J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Denollet, J., Verhey, F. R. J., & Schram, M. T. (2017). Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Accumulation in the Skin is Associated with Depression: The Maastricht Study. Depression and Anxiety, 34(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22527
    • Joris, P. J., Plat, J., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Houben, A. J. H. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Mensink, R. P. (2017). Diet-induced weight loss improves not only cardiometabolic risk markers but also markers of vascular function: a randomized controlled trial in abdominally obese men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.143552
    • Bonder, M. J., Luijk, R., Zhernakova, D. V., Moed, M., Deelen, P., Vermaat, M., van Iterson, M., van Dijk, F., van Galen, M., Bot, J., Slieker, R. C., Jhamai, P. M., Verbiest, M., Suchiman, H. E. D., Verkerk, M., van der Breggen, R., van Rooij, J., Lakenberg, N., Arindrarto, W., ... Franke, L. (2017). Disease variants alter transcription factor levels and methylation of their binding sites. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3721
    • Zhernakova, D. V., Deelen, P., Vermaat, M., van Iterson, M., van Galen, M., Arindrarto, W., van 't Hof, P., Mei, H., van Dijk, F., Westra, H.-J., Bonder, M. J., van Rooij, J., Verkerk, M., Jhamai, P. M., Moed, M., Kielbasa, S. M., Bot, J., Nooren, I., Pool, R., ... Franke, L. (2017). Identification of context-dependent expression quantitative trait loci in whole blood. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3737
    • Pearce, K., Hatzinikolas, A., Moran, L., de Courten, M. P. J., Forbes, J., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Walker, K., & de Courten, B. (2017). Disparity in the micronutrient content of diets high or low in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) does not explain changes in insulin sensitivity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 68(8), 1021-1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2017.1319468
    • Mitsides, N., Cornelis, T., Broers, N. J. H., Diederen, N. M. P., Brenchley, P., Heitink-ter Braak, N., van der Sande, F. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kooman, J. P., & Mitra, S. (2017). Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors Linked to Longitudinal Microvascular Changes in Hemodialysis Patients Irrespective of Treatment Dose Intensity. Kidney & Blood Pressure Research, 43(5), 905-918. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485048
  • 2016
    • Ras, R. T., Fuchs, D., Koppenol, W. P., Schalkwijk, C. G., Otten-Hofman, A., Garczarek, U., Greyling, A., Wagner, F., & Trautwein, E. A. (2016). Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5, Article e44. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.40
    • Reynaert, N. L., Gopal, P., Rutten, E. P. A., Wouters, E. F. M., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Advanced glycation end products and their receptor in age-related, non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases; Overview of clinical evidence and potential contributions to disease. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 81(Part B), 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.016
    • Martens, R. J. H., Henry, R. M. A., Houben, A. J. H. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Kroon, A. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schram, M. T., Sep, S. J. S., Schaper, N. C., Dagnelie, P. C., Muris, D. M. J., Gronenschild, E. H. B. M., van der Sande, F. M., Leunissen, K. M. L., Kooman, J. P., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2016). Capillary Rarefaction Associates with Albuminuria: The Maastricht Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 27(12), 3748-3757. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2015111219
    • Begieneman, M. P. V., Emmens, R. W., Rijvers, L., Woudstra, L., Paulus, W. J., Kubat, B., Vonk, A. B. A., van Rossum, A. C., Wouters, D., Zeerleder, S., van Ham, M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Niessen, H. W. M., & Krijnen, P. A. J. (2016). Myocardial infarction induces atrial inflammation that can be prevented by C1-esterase inhibitor. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 69(12), 1093-1099. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203639
    • Fokkens, B. T., Mulder, D. J., Nugteren, M. B., Schalkwijk, C. G., Scheijen, J. L., Smit, A. J., & Los, L. I. (2016). Surface Area of Detachment, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, and Pulse Pressure, but not AGEs, are Associated With Retinal Redetachment. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57(15), 6633-6638. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-20735
    • Grassi, D., Draijer, R., Schalkwijk, C., Desideri, G., D'Angeli, A., Francavilla, S., Mulder, T., & Ferri, C. (2016). Black Tea Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Flow Mediated Dilatation Counteracting Deleterious Effects from a Fat Load in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients, 8(11), Article UNSP 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110727
    • Nokin, M.-J., Durieux, F., Peixoto, P., Chiavarina, B., Peulen, O., Blomme, A., Turtoi, A., Costanza, B., Smargiasso, N., Baiwir, D., Scheijen, J. L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Leenders, J., De Tullio, P., Bianchi, E., Thiry, M., Uchida, K., Spiegel, D. A., Cochrane, J. R., ... Bellahcene, A. (2016). Methylglyoxal, a glycolysis side-product, induces Hsp90 glycation and YAP-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Elife, 5, Article e19375. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.19375
    • Simons, N., Dekker, J. M., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Nijpels, G., 't Hart, L. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Schaper, N. C., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Brouwers, M. C. G. J. (2016). A Common Gene Variant in Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Interacts With Glucose Metabolism on Diabetic Dyslipidemia: the Combined CODAM and Hoorn Studies. Diabetes Care, 39(10), 1811-1817. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0153
    • Mommersteeg, P. M. C., Schoemaker, R. G., Naude, P. J. W., Eisel, U. L. M., Garrelds, I. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Westerhuis, B. W. J. J. M., Kop, W. J., & Denollet, J. (2016). Depression and markers of inflammation as predictors of all-cause mortality in heart failure. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 57, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.012
    • Hrolfsdottir, L., Schalkwijk, C. G., Birgisdottir, B. E., Gunnarsdottir, I., Maslova, E., Granstrom, C., Strom, M., Olsen, S. F., & Halldorsson, T. I. (2016). Maternal Diet, Gestational Weight Gain, and Inflammatory Markers During Pregnancy. Obesity, 24(10), 2133-2139. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21617
    • van Eupen, M. G. A., Schram, M. T., van Sloten, T. T., Scheijen, J., Sep, S. J. S., van der Kallen, C. J., Dagnelie, P. C., Koster, A., Schaper, N., Henry, R. M. A., Kroon, A. A., Smit, A. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Skin Autofluorescence and Pentosidine Are Associated With Aortic Stiffening: The Maastricht Study. Hypertension, 68(4), 956-963. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07446
    • Slieker, R. C., van Iterson, M., Luijk, R., Beekman, M., Zhernakova, D. V., Moed, M. H., Mei, H., van Galen, M., Deelen, P., Bonder, M. J., Zhernakova, A., Uitterlinden, A. G., Tigchelaar, E. F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Hofman, A., van Heemst, D., de Geus, E. J., ... Heijmans, B. T. (2016). Age-related accrual of methylomic variability is linked to fundamental ageing mechanisms. Genome Biology (Online), 17, Article 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1053-6
    • Maessen, D. E., Hanssen, N. M., Lips, M. A., Scheijen, J. L., van Dijk, K. W., Pijl, H., Stehouwer, C. D., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Energy restriction and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduce postprandial alpha-dicarbonyl stress in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 59(9), 2013-2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4009-1
    • Meertens, J. H., Nienhuis, H. L., Lefrandt, J. D., Schalkwijk, C. G., Nyyssonen, K., Ligtenberg, J. J. M., Smit, A. J., Zijlstra, J. G., & Mulder, D. J. (2016). The Course of Skin and Serum Biomarkers of Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Its Association with Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Disease Severity, and Mortality during ICU Admission in Critically Ill Patients: Results from a Prospective Pilot Study. PLOS ONE, 11(8), Article e0160893. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160893
    • van Dooren, F. E. P., Schram, M. T., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Sep, S. J. S., Denollet, J., Verhey, F. R. J., & Pouwer, F. (2016). Associations of low grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with depression - The Maastricht Study. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 56, 390-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.004
    • Brouwers, O., Yu, L., Niessen, P., Slenter, J., Jaspers, K., Wagenaar, A., Post, M., Miyata, T., Backes, W., Stehouwer, C., Huijberts, M., & Schalkwijk, C. (2016). Glyoxalase-1 overexpression partially prevents diabetes-induced impaired arteriogenesis in a rat hindlimb ligation model. Glycoconjugate Journal, 33(4), 627-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-016-9681-3
    • Linssen, P. B. C., Henry, R. M. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Brunner-La Rocca, H., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2016). Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research, 13(4), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164116640680
    • Dekkers, K. F., van Iterson, M., Slieker, R. C., Moed, M. H., Bonder, M. J., van Galen, M., Mei, H., Zhernakova, D. V., van den Berg, L. H., Deelen, J., van Dongen, J., van Heemst, D., Hofman, A., Hottenga, J. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Tigchelaar, E. F., Uitterlinden, A. G., ... Heijmans, B. T. (2016). Blood lipids influence DNA methylation in circulating cells. Genome Biology (Online), 17, Article 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1000-6
    • Annema, W., Dikkers, A., de Boer, J. F., van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Dullaart, R. P. F., & Tietge, U. J. F. (2016). Impaired HDL cholesterol efflux in metabolic syndrome is unrelated to glucose tolerance status: the CODAM study. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 27367. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27367
    • de Courten, B., de Courten, M. P. J., Soldatos, G., Dougherty, S. L., Straznicky, N., Schlaich, M., Sourris, K. C., Chand, V., Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Kingwell, B. A., Cooper, M. E., Schalkwijk, C. G., Walker, K. Z., & Forbes, J. M. (2016). Diet low in advanced glycation end products increases insulin sensitivity in healthy overweight individuals: a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103(6), 1426-1433. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.125427
    • Hertle, E., Arts, I. C. W., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Feskens, E. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Hoffmann-Petersen, I. T., Thiel, S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2016). Distinct Longitudinal Associations of MBL, MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp44 With Endothelial Dysfunction and Intima-Media Thickness The Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 36(6), 1278-1285. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306552
    • van der Leeuw, J., Beulens, J. W. J., van Dieren, S., Schalkwijk, C. G., Glatz, J. F. C., Hofker, M. H., Verschuren, W. M. M., Boer, J. M. A., van der Graaf, Y., Visseren, F. L. J., Peelen, L. M., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2016). Novel Biomarkers to Improve the Prediction of Cardiovascular Event Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(6), Article e003048. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.003048
    • van den Oever, I. A. M., van Sij, A. M., Baylan, U., ter Wee, M. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Krijnen, P. A. J., Nurmohamed, M. T., Voskuyl, A. E., Niessen, H. W. M., & Simsek, S. (2016). Comparing inflammatory cell density in the myocardium and coronary arteries in rheumatoid arthritis patients versus controls with myocardial infarction: A post-mortem case-control study. International Journal of Cardiology, 209, 74-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.065
    • Maessen, D. E., Brouwers, O., Gaens, K. H., Wouters, K., Cleutjens, J. P., Janssen, B. J., Miyata, T., Stehouwer, C. D., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Delayed Intervention With Pyridoxamine Improves Metabolic Function and Prevents Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes, 65(4), 956-966. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-1390
    • BIOS Consortium, van Greevenbroek, M., Stehouwer, C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., & Schalkwijk, C. (2016). Genetic and environmental influences interact with age and sex in shaping the human methylome. Nature Communications, 7, Article 11115. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11115
    • Fuijkschot, W. W., de Graaff, H. J., Berishvili, E., Kakabadze, Z., Kupreishvili, K., Meinster, E., Houtman, M., van Broekhoven, A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Vonk, A. B. A., Krijnen, P. A. J., Smulders, Y. M., & Niessen, H. W. N. (2016). Prevention of age-induced N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine accumulation in the microvasculature. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46(4), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12599
    • Koning, N. J., de lange, F., Vonk, A. B. A., Ahmed, Y., van den Brom, C. E., Bogaards, S., van Meurs, M., Jongman, R. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Begieneman, M. P. V., Niessen, H. W., Baufreton, C., & Boer, C. (2016). Impaired microcirculatory perfusion in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass: the role of hemodilution. American Journal of Physiology-heart and Circulatory Physiology, 310(5), H550-H558. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00913.2015
    • von Scholten, B. J., Reinhard, H., Hansen, T. W., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C., Parving, H.-H., Jacobsen, P. K., & Rossing, P. (2016). Markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with incident cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and progression of coronary calcification in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 30(2), 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.005
    • Hertle, E., Arts, I. C. W., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Feskens, E. J. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & van Greevenbroek, M. M. J. (2016). The alternative complement pathway is longitudinally associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes The CODAM study. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 115(2), 446-457. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH15-05-0439
    • Scheijen, J. L. J. M., Clevers, E., Engelen, L., Dagnelie, P. C., Brouns, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2016). Analysis of advanced glycation endproducts in selected food items by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Presentation of a dietary AGE database. Food Chemistry, 190, 1145-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.049
    • van Dooren, F., Verhey, F. R. J., Pouwer, F., Schalkwijk, C. G., Sep, S. J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Henry, R. M. A., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Koster, A., Schram, M. T., & Denollet, J. (2016). Association of Type D personality with increased vulnerability to depression: is there a role for inflammation or endothelial dysfunction? - the Maastricht Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 189, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.028
    • van Greevenbroek, M. M. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2016). Dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation in the management of the metabolic syndrome: current practices and future advances. F1000Research, 5, Article 2515. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8971.1
    • van der Heijden, R. A., Morrison, M. C., Sheedfar, F., Mulder, P., Schreurs, M., Hommelberg, P. P. H., Hofker, M. H., Schalkwijk, C., Kleemann, R., Tietge, U. J. F., Koonen, D. P. Y., & Heeringa, P. (2016). Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity. Mediators of Inflammation, 2016, Article 2042107. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2042107
  • 2015
    • Teunissen-Beekman, K. F. M., Dopheide, J., Geleijnse, J. M., Bakker, S. J., Brink, E. J., de Leeuw, P. W., Schalkwijk, C. G., & van Baak, M. A. (2015). Dietary proteins improve endothelial function under fasting conditions but not in the postprandial state, with no effects on markers of low-grade inflammation. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(11), 1819-1828. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003530
    • Gaens, K. H. J., Ferreira, I., van de Waarenburg, M. P. H., van Greevenbroek, M. M., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Rensen, S. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2015). Protein-Bound Plasma N-epsilon-(Carboxymethyl) lysine Is Inversely Associated With Central Obesity and Inflammation and Significantly Explain a Part of the Central Obesity-Related Increase in Inflammation The Hoorn and CODAM Studies. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 35(12), 2707-2713. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306106
    • Gijsbers, L., Dower, J. I., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Bakker, S. J. L., Hollman, P. C. H., & Geleijnse, J. M. (2015). Effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on endothelial function: a fully controlled dietary intervention study. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(9), 1419-1426. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515002986
    • van der Heijden, R. A., Bijzet, J., Meijers, W. C., Yakala, G. K., Kleemann, R., Nguyen, T. Q., de Boer, R. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Hazenberg, B. P. C., Tietge, U. J. F., & Heeringa, P. (2015). Obesity-induced chronic inflammation in high fat diet challenged C57BL/6J mice is associated with acceleration of age-dependent renal amyloidosis. Scientific Reports, 5, Article 16474. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16474
    • Begieneman, M. P. V., Rijvers, L., Kubat, B., Paulus, W. J., Vonk, A. B. A., van Rossum, A. C., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stooker, W., Niessen, H. W. M., & Krijnen, P. A. J. (2015). Atrial Fibrillation Coincides with the Advanced Glycation End Product N-epsilon-Carboxymethyl)Lysine in the Atrium. American Journal of Pathology, 185(8), 2096-2104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.018
    • Cornelis, T., Eloot, S., Vanholder, R., Glorieux, G., van der Sande, F. M., Scheijen, J. L., Leunissen, K. M., Kooman, J. P., & Schalkwijk, C. G. (2015). Protein-bound uraemic toxins, dicarbonyl stress and advanced glycation end products in conventional and extended haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 30(8), 1395-1402. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv038
    • Schalkwijk, C. G. (2015). Vascular AGE-ing by methylglyoxal: the past, the present and the future. Diabetologia, 58(8), 1715-1719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3597-5
    • Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Livingstone, S. J., Charlton-Menys, V., Betteridge, D. J., Hitman, G. A., Neil, H. A. W., Bao, W., DeMicco, D. A., Preston, G. M., Fuller, J. H., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Schalkwijk, C. G., Durrington, P. N., & Colhoun, H. M. (2015). Effect of atorvastatin on C-reactive protein and benefits for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: analyses from the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Trial. Diabetologia, 58(7), 1494-1502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3586-8
    • Dower, J. I., Geleijnse, J. M., Gijsbers, L., Schalkwijk, C., Kromhout, D., & Hollman, P. C. (2015). Supplementation of the Pure Flavonoids Epicatechin and Quercetin Affects Some Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in (Pre)Hypertensive Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Journal of Nutrition, 145(7), 1459-1463. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.211888